RICHARD LINDNER The Shoe, 1977

Richard Lindner (1901–1978) was a German-American painter known for his bold, stylized figures and explorations of gender, sexuality, and consumer culture. Trained in Munich and Berlin, he fled Nazi Germany for Paris in 1933 and emigrated to New York in 1941. After becoming a U.S. citizen in 1948, Lindner worked as an illustrator and later taught at institutions including Pratt Institute and Yale University. His paintings often drew on the visual language of advertising to examine modern identity and social roles.